1066 - Linguistic Consequences of Industrial Revolution

The Impact of the Industrial Revolution

French Loans

Eighteenth century is notable for its loans in the domains of social institutions and behaviour:

bouquet, canteen, clique, connoisseur, coterie, cuisine, debut, espionage, etiquette, glacier, liqueur, migraine, nuance, protégé, roulette, salon, silhouette, souvenir, toupee, vignette

Nineteenth century is notable for the loans in relation to the arts, food, and dress:

acrobat, baroque, beige, blouse, bonhomie, café, camaraderie, can-can, chauffeur, chef, chic, cinematography, cliché, communism, croquet, debutant, dossier, en masse, flair, foyer, genre, gourmet, impasse, lingerie, matinée, menu, morgue, mousse, nocturne, parquet, physique, pince-nez, premiere, raison d'être, renaissance, repertoire, restaurant, risqué, sorbet, soufflé, surveillance, vol-au-vent, volte-face

Twentieth century loans refer to new art forms and technology:

art deco, art nouveau, au pair, auteur, blasé, brassiere, chassis, cinéma-vérité, cinematic, coulis, courgette, crime passionnel, détente, disco, fromage frais, fuselage, garage, hangar, limousine, microfiche, montage, nouvelle cuisine, nouvelle vague, questionnaire, tranche, visagiste, voyeurism