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Speaking French in
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But, of
course, it is not only a question of the actual etymon of this or
that particular word, though it may also be significant. It is
something in the whole construction, the whole style, the whole type
of speech that betrays the French king's "foreignness". All
these French and Latin words are here used in contexts which are not
English and that is how they must have been apprehended by the
contemporary audiences.

There
are plenty of word-combinations in the French king's text which
strike you as unnatural and make you think of French equivalents
which might have been lurking somewhere at the back of his mind.
Expressions like "one's best object", "in this trice of
time", "to dismantle... folds of favour", "to monster
something by being of unnatural degree", "fore-vouch'd
affection", "to fall into taint" do not occur anywhere in
the works of Shakespeare, except in this particular speech of the
French king. They are, apparently, intended to represent the French
way of saying things, the rhetoric of French feelings and French
pathos, which are, of course, quite different from the English ones.
We might go so far as to assume that to Shakespeare's audiences
grandiloquence and effusiveness were firmly associated with the
French temperament, which is also borne out by the way Shakespeare
portrays his French characters in Henry V.
We have
spoken so far of words and word-combinations. But there are also
specific points of grammar which could be used as further evidence,
for instance, whom instead of who
[incidentally, the pronoun was "amended" to who in the Folio
(2)]. Some editors, arguing that the Folio (1) reading is
ungrammatical, strive to find an excuse for the King of France. It
was said, for instance, that presumably ‘France’ began to say "whom
you loved most" and changed the construction in the middle of the
sentence. Similarly, they find it difficult to explain away the
Folio reading "fall" (the Quarto reading "falne" cannot be
easily accounted for, either). As far back as the eighteenth century
Samuel Johnson spoke of amending "affection" to "affections",
or "fall" to "falls". Some editors have adopted the following
interpretation: "Either she has committed a monstrous offence, or
your fore-vouch'd affection must now be discredited as having been
all along unjustified". We should then assume the existence of a
second "must" before "fall", which is hardly convincing.
The
editors are also at odds with each other over a similar case in the
second monologue of the French king: "Love's not love / When it is
mingled with regards that stands / Aloof from th'entire point" (I.
1.238-240), where both the Quarto and the Folio agree on the reading
"stands". Some of them find that "though a plural subject
often has a singular verb, the line sounds better without the 's' "
— and drop it altogether.
The
number and variety of discussions and emendations of this kind could
be greatly increased. But all this is hardly to the point. What we
have striven to assert, all along, is that the solecisms were
intentional, that this was Shakespeare's idea of portraying the
French character, thus adding to the cumulative effect of
‘strangeness’ and ‘foreignness’ created by the whole manner of the
king's speech.
In
conclusion we would like to add one more example from the above
quoted monologue. In the Quarto, where the Folio reads "The best,
the dearest", we find a different version: "Most best, most
dearest". Although this is not the only use of a double
superlative in Shakespeare, in the light of what has been expounded
above we would be inclined to include this in the list of the French
king's solecisms. In terms of textual criticism we would prefer the
Quarto version to that of the Folio.
If now
we carefully go over all the evidence we shall be able to make out a
strong case for our hypothesis. It was part of Shakespeare's
artistic intention to put into the King's mouth all those awkward
grammatical slips, make him use odd collocations and obscure his
speech by ponderous and clumsy syntactical constructions in order to
create the ‘outlandish’ traits in ‘France’s’ text and make him to
‘speak French in English’.
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