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Standardizing the Language

 

Murray's Rules

Murray's Rule 16

 
  • Murray ignores the fact that multiple negatives are used for emphasis. The more negatives in a sentence, the more emphatically negative the meaning is. For example, “Nor do not saw the air too much with your hand ...” (Hamlet's advice to the players)

 
  • Compare also: He never said nothing to nobody (modern nonstandard English)

 
  • Murray's exclusion of double negatives institutionalized them as nonstandard

Murray on the Use of Auxiliary Verbs 

 
  • Will, in the first person singular and plural, intimates resolution and promising: in the second and third person, only foretells....

 
  • Shall, on the contrary, in the first person, simply foretells; in the second and third persons, promises, commands, or threatens.

 
  • The following passage is not translated according to the distinct and proper meanings of the words shall and will:

 
Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life; and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever.
       
                  (Psalm 23 from the King James Bible)
 
  • It ought to be, “Will follow me;” and “I shall dwell”

 

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STANDARDIZING THE LANGUAGE

  Institutionalizing Standard Language

  Standardization of Spelling

  Standardization of Grammar

  Lindley Murray's English Grammar

  Murray's Rules

  “Elocution Walker”

  Prescriptivist Fallacy

  Positive Prescriptivism

MODERN ENGLISH

  The "Ink-horn" Controversy 

  Humour & Pathos in Shakespeare

  Biblical Phrases Test

  British vs. American English

  More

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